Molecular Identification of t(w5): Vps52 Promotes Pluripotential Cell Differentiation Through Cell-Cell Interactions

After implantation, pluripotent epiblasts are converted to embryonic ectoderm through cell-cell interactions that significantly change the transcriptional and epigenetic networks. An entree to understanding this vital developmental transition is the t(w5) mutation of the mouse t complex. This mutation produces highly specific defects in the embryonic ectoderm before gastrulation, leading to death of the embryonic ectoderm. Using a positional cloning approach, we have now identified the mutated gene, completing a decades-long search. The gene, vacuolar protein sorting 52 (Vps52), is a mouse homolog of yeast VPS52 that is involved in the retrograde trafficking of endosomes. Our data suggest that Vps52 acts in extraembryonic tissues to support the growth and differentiation of embryonic ectoderm via cell-cell interactions. It is also required in the formation of embryonic structures at a later stage of development, revealing hitherto unknown functions of Vps52 in the development of a multicellular organism.NSFCellular and Molecular Biolog

食生活の多様性とうつ病および自殺の有病率との関連 ―26年間の国際比較研究―

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the associations of dietary diversity with depression and suicide rates by an ecological analysis using 26-years worldwide statistics.Methods: Average food supply and energy supply by country, excluding loss between production and household, were obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Statistics Division database (FAOSTAT). Dietary diversity scores were calculated from food group classifications. Age-standardized depression prevalence and suicide rates per 100,000 people by country were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 database. The association between food diversity scores and depression prevalence and suicide rates was analyzed by a mixed effects model controlling for covariates in 137 countries with populations of 1 million or greater.Results: A significant negative association was found in the analysis of the relationship between dietary diversity and the prevalence of major depression in the model controlled for all covariates [β (se) = –225.6 (61.9), p < 0.001]. In addition, a significant negative association between dietary diversity and the suicide rate was also found in the model controlled for all covariates [β (se) = –3.08 (1.50), p < 0.05].Conclusion: Dietary diversity was significantly negatively associated with the rates of major depression and suicide. Diets rich in foods may reduce the prevalence of depression and suicide rate.【目的】本研究は、26年間の世界的な統計を用いた生態学的分析により、食生活の多様性とうつ病や自殺率との関連を明らかにすることを目的とした。【方法】生産と家庭間の喪失を除く国別平均食料供給量とエネルギー供給量を国連食糧農業機関統計局データベース（FAOSTAT）から入手した。食物群分類から食事多様性スコアを算出した。年齢標準化された国別の人口10万人当たりのうつ病有病率と自殺率は、Global Burden of Disease（GBD）2017データベースから取得した。人口100万人以上の137カ国を対象に、食品多様性スコアとうつ病有病率および自殺率との関連を、共変量を制御した混合効果モデルで解析した。【結果】食生活の多様性とうつ病の有病率との関係を分析したところ、すべての共変量を調整したモデルにおいて、有意な負の関連が認められた［β（se）＝－225.6（61.9）、p < 0.001］。さらに、食生活の多様性と自殺率との間の有意な負の関連も、すべての共変量を調整したモデルで認められた［β（se）= －3.08（1.50）、p < 0.05］。【結論】食生活の多様性は、うつ病および自殺の発生率と有意に負の関連があった。食物を豊富に含む食事は、うつ病や自殺を減少させる可能性がある

新人看護師の看護基本技術習得に向けた統合型評価システムの有用性の検討

目的：看護基本技術習得に向けた統合型評価システムが，新人看護師の技術習得と課題の明確化につながっているかを明らかにし，システムの有用性を検討する． 方法：①システムを使用した新人看護師（以下システム使用後）14名とシステムを使用していない新人看護師20名のチェックリストの得点を統計学的に分析した．②システム使用後14名の課題を表す「整理シート」の記述を内容分析した．③システム使用後14名の知覚をインタビューし内容分析した． 結果：①入職1か月，6か月，1年でシステム使用後の得点が有意に高かった．②整理シートの課題は，自己学習や日常生活援助などが多く時期の経過とともに内容も変化した．③システム使用後14名の知覚は，【システムの使用で課題が明確になった】，【チェックリストが目標となり取り組めた】など，12カテゴリを形成した． 結論：システムの活用は，技術習得，課題の明確化，目標設定などを促進し有用性を示唆した．Objectives: To clarify whether an integrated evaluation system for novice nurses will contribute to the acquisition of skills and clarify nursing tasks [Does this reflect your intended meaning here and below?], and to evaluate the effectiveness of that system. Methods: We compared checklist scores of 14 novice nurses who used the system and 20 novice nurses who did not use the system by statistical analysis. “Summary sheets” that described problems with nursing tasks experienced by nurses who used the system were analyzed. In addition, we interviewed the nurses who used the system to obtain their impression of the system. Results: The scores of nurses who used the system were significantly higher at 1, 6, and 12 months after beginning their jobs. Most of the tasks observed on the summary sheets were related to self-learning and daily living care for patients; however, the tasks listed on the summary sheets changed over time as the nurses gained more experience [Is this addition ok?]. Nurses' impressions of system were classified into 12 categories, such as [use of the system helped to clarify tasks] and [ability to concentrate on completing the checklist as a goal]. Conclusions: The introduction of this system promoted the effective acquisition of skills, identification of problems, and setting of goals.報

Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≥ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe

ゲンセイ ルイジンエン ダイキュウシ シカンメン ノ ケイサンキ ニ ヨル ケイジョウ カイセキホウ ト トリゴン ヒカク

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(理学)甲第9989号理博第2650号新制||理||1349(附属図書館)UT51-2003-H410京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻(主査)教授 石田 英実, 教授 西田 利貞, 教授 米井 脩治学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of ScienceKyoto UniversityDA

Molecular Identification of tw5: Vps52 Promotes Pluripotential Cell Differentiation through Cell–Cell Interactions

After implantation, pluripotent epiblasts are converted to embryonic ectoderm through cell–cell interactions that significantly change the transcriptional and epigenetic networks. An entrée to understanding this vital developmental transition is the tw5 mutation of the mouse t complex. This mutation produces highly specific defects in the embryonic ectoderm before gastrulation, leading to death of the embryonic ectoderm. Using a positional cloning approach, we have now identified the mutated gene, completing a decades-long search. The gene, vacuolar protein sorting 52 (Vps52), is a mouse homolog of yeast VPS52 that is involved in the retrograde trafficking of endosomes. Our data suggest that Vps52 acts in extraembryonic tissues to support the growth and differentiation of embryonic ectoderm via cell–cell interactions. It is also required in the formation of embryonic structures at a later stage of development, revealing hitherto unknown functions of Vps52 in the development of a multicellular organism